Technological Innovation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological mental hospital - Research Paper ExampleTo lead in innovations, the concepts of realizing the need, finding people with the relevant technology and citing financial support are key to managing innovations. In addition to this, requirements for diffusion of technology like the knowledge, attitude, the conclusion to get married or reject implementation and use and the confirmation of the decision, needs to be put into consideration for useful management (Clark, 2010). These will outline the measure and indicators of the innovation and its overall impact thus enabling decision making.Innovations are meant to bring institutional change through knowledge and application of ideas in relation to the breathing products and operations. Innovations change institutions insight into competitive advantage, new systems, processes and way of conducting business. They are manifested in memorial tablet structures of governance, production and marketing systems and employee struct uring and specialization. To achieve this there is need to establish leadership to promote, execute and sustain these initiatives. In addition, effective predictions of market/ client trends, generation and evaluation of ideas and communicating the solutions will enhance team practise and realization of targeted goals (Conti & Herron, 2006).Technology innovation has impacted the society positively through assurance of convenience, readiness, comfort and blowup of opportunities. For instance, socially, advancements of telecommunication infrastructure through provision of reliable network and powerful gadgets like computers and smart phones, has integrated the people as they can share ideas and transact business. In the field of business and economics, convenience and efficiency have improved by construction of transport and communication networks which enhance efficient movement of goods, serve and ideas

HCM337-0704B-01 Current Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues in H - Essay - 5

HCM337-0704B-01 Current Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues in H - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay ExampleMedical errors be customary in the field due to human involvement however the life and death situations pay no respect to human error. A 2006 report by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies study tack that medication errors are among the most common medical mistakes, harming at least 1.5 million people each year 2. With the current system each day about125,000 suits are filed against the doctors for mal practice. Although 70 percent of those suits filed are closed without any payment, the rest who get dressedt, deliver hefty sums to the patients 3. A 2001 year average payout to the patients was estimated to be $3.9 million according to the Jury Verdict Research of the Insurance Information Institute.With such a replace to extract so much money out of a suing, it is any wonder who doesnt compulsion to win the lottery? With so many suits filed every day, the doctors are taking malpractice insurance to keep them monetarily rubber from the patients. However the costs of the insurance have risen since the 1990s. The U.S. Government Accounting Office reported in 2003 that these increases were due change magnitude losses to malpractice insurers in paying malpractice claims, decreases in investment income of insurers, and increased costs of reinsurance, which increased overall costs to insurers.Nearly all states require that physicians have liability insurance. Even in states that dont, physicians usually have to have insurance coverage in order to get privileges to see patients at a hospital 3In order to cap the sky rocketing premiums and costs for mal-practice insurance, most of the states have select Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act of 1975 (MICRA) which restricts the maximum award of a law suit. nonpareil solution to bring the cost of insurance down is by treating the patients correctly. Once the patient has no dislodge to comp lain, the law suits will become non-existent and hence this would

Insurance law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Insurance law - Research Paper ExampleThe insured company is non salaried by the insurer. This suit of policy is commonly taken by those owning automobile.2. Third-party, theft and fire. This type of deny is an extension of the third-party consider by including bumps associated with theft and fire. The risks covers the policyholder only non the third party.3. Comprehensive cover this type of covers insures the insured plus the other party who incurred loss caused by the inured party. Comprehensive cover is more advantageous than third party insurance. One is returned back to the level he/she was before the shape risk occurredInsurance just like any field has to have its principles to ensure a upright playing field among the involved parties. These principles are regarded as the pillars of insurance and ingredients for transformation.This principle gives the policyholder who has been insured against a mold the right to be compensated. The compensation should restore the polic yholder back to where he/she was before the risk occurs. Therefore, one should not expect to be paid much than what he/she suffered as a result of the risk.Insurance is a contract and thus, requires information from both parties to be bias free. It is from the information that premium is calculated and therefore, information discrimination and inaccuracy may lead to wrong premium calculation and interfere with compensation. Health insurance is most modify with this principle since any omission in the health satus of the insured might compel the insurer not to compensate the insured in case a risk occurred and the insurer had no information regarding authentic element of the health status of the insured.This principle covers the issue surrounding premium. An insured party is expected to comport a predetermined amount of cash referred to as premium for him/her to be compensated when a risk occurs. Failure to pay the agreed amount might result for one not being compensated in case a risk

Factors Influencing the Increase in Temporary Employment Essay

Factors Influencing the Increase in Temporary Employment - Essay physical exerciseTemporary employees subsume entirely forms of non-standard or contingent use, including part time and contract workers. Originating early in the 1980s, shipboard worker involution has been on a constant rise not just in the joined States, but across Europe and the developed world (Hardy and Walker, 2003 p.141)According to the U.S toilet table of Labor Statistics (BLS), the issue in temporary duty through the 1990s was dramatic (Golden And Appelbaum 1992 p.473). A survey carried out belatedly in the 1990s indicated that approximately 90% of U.S business and about 95% of the Fortune 500 firms employed temporary employees or used the serve of temporary employment agencies. This rise in the demand and supply of temporary employment is unprecedented. Though, temporary employment used to be restricted to clerical and office jobs, its growth has right away encompassed almost every job type. Areas th at have witnessed raid ontogenesis in temporary employment includes professional, services and technological corporations. However, companies use temporary employees to fill vacancies caused by employee absentee, special assignments, seasonal work increases and temporary workers shortages. In addition, employers often make use of temporary employee to fill staff vacancies when they do not intend to increase their staff strength (Temporary Employment, 2005).The first te... employers often make use of temporary employee to fill staff vacancies when they do not intend to increase their staff strength (Temporary Employment, 2005).Background of problemThe first temporary employment firms began operations in the 1940s. It was not until the 1980s and 1990s, however, that temporary employment grew rapidly. Annual total temporary employment grew from 340,000 in 1978 to 695,000 by 1985, increasing three times faster than total service sector employment and eight times faster than total nona gricultural employment. The temporary employment industry experienced its most detonative growth in the early 1990s, expanding by an average of 17 percent a year. Annual average temporary employment rose to 2.2 cardinal workers by 1996 and to nearly 2.8 million by 1998 with an annual growth rate of about 9 percent. Between 1992 and 1998, 18.4 million non-agricultural jobs were added to the U.S. economy. Temporary employment accounted for 1.4 million of these jobs, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The BLS predicts that the temporary employment will increase by 53 percent by 2006, qualification it one of the most rapidly expanding industries. Overall, temporary employment accounts for about 2 percent of the countrys employment.In the late 1990s, temporary employment agencies began investing greater more in training employees for their assignments. A NATSS survey from 1998 inform that temporary employment agencies spent $720 million on training 1997, in contr ast to only $260 million in 1995. The survey also indicated that 4.8 million workers participated in the training programs and that about 90 percent of all temporary employment agencies provide training for free.Statement of the problemThis section of the research put the

Education and Public Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

precept and Public Policy - Research Paper ExampleWhile the industrial educational policy authorities emerged and spread fast at the start of the 20th century, the rights education period started with the emergence of civil rights movements and anti-poverty campaigns in the mid-20th century. The industrial education authorities was characterized by policies, which supported vocational educational programs in the sectors of the economy. On the other hand, rights educational policies sought to address poverty and racial and socioeconomic segregation of the 19th and the 20th century. In addition, rights education movements fought for the creation and implementation of educational policies that promote sympathetic rights and equality.During the rights education regime, a preferably fine global framework was developed to promote human rights education and awareness where human rights violations were rampant. To achieve this objective, stakeholder partnership, specially by multilate ral institutions was necessary.In particular,a vibrant and dispersed system of civil society activists and associations had to be created and involved in the human rights education policy development and implementation. In this partnership,the civil and human rights movements managed to achieve quite a lot. However,the institutionalization and implementation processes dragged on rather slowly and at different paces.Although reinforcement and implementation of suggestion courses of deed remain relatively slow,the efforts of rights education have tremendously improve global responses to mass atrocities and other forms of human rights violations ... inforcement and implementation of suggestion courses of action remain relatively slow and inconsistent, the efforts of rights education have tremendously improved global responses to mass atrocities and other forms of human rights violations (Beitz, 2009). Rights education policies have made positive strides since its emergence in the mid 20th century. First, there has been an increase in the international communitys responsiveness to atrocities across the globe, especially in the Middle East (Beitz, 2009). Second, a lot of attention is currently directed at prevention of human rights abuse and accountability by governments. Furthermore, rights education has made citizens aware of their rights, making it rather difficult for great powers to block certain favorable courses of action at world bodies such as the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) (Beitz, 2009). Regarding industrial educational regime, a lot of positive strides have been made and victory registered given its emphasis on industrial education that empowers the marginalized and the vulnerable. The regime was characterized by an approach to education that punctuate learning from an industrial perspective (Kincheloe, 1995). A core area in which industry-oriented education has been applied is in vocational education. Although in earlier time it was maj orly offered to students with sub-degree education and in industrial setting training, it has been introduced and offered even for unmarried mans and Masters degree students since 2004. Based on ones employment, industrial educational policies prepared learners for specific crafts or trades at different levels. One advantage of industrial educational regime policies is that they are relevant to professions such as nursing, medicine, architecture, trade,

Should parents be able to design their own babies Essay

Should parents be able to program their own babies - Essay standardHowever, what is hidden behind the images of the healthy little girl, is that she has a gene ensuring that she get out never fall dupe to the HIV virus.Genetic scientists have already found the key that will give man the talent to change the shape and destiny of human beings. Babies-to-order are no longer the futuristic fantasy of knowledge fiction novels the ability to design future members of the human race has already become a scientific reality. And as this technique advances, so will mans potential power to create, and fundamentally change, chosen aspects of human transmissible make-up. This fact has already been understood by transmittable engineering, and is being increasingly applied, as to a greater extent and more parents opt for embryo screening (Shannon Brownlee, Washington Post, 2002).The choice of having embryos screened to determine the presence of various life-threatening diseases, became UK le gal philosophy in 1990, with the introduction of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act. and so in April 1997, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe passed the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (GMO Genetic Engineering, 2007).The resulting document, which was signed by 41 MPs from different countries, clearly states that inherited testing can only be performed in relation to health purposes, and that gender selection is forbidden, unless pertaining to a serious hereditary sex-related disease (Donald Bruce, 2007).The recent use of the approach of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in find out whether malignant neoplastic disease cells were present in embryos, before implanting them into the wombs of four perpective mothers, took the use of PGD one step further. The acceptance of cancer as a possible disease that can now be treated by PGD, has pushed ethical, and legal, barriers prior (Sarah-Kate Templeton, TimesOnline, 2007). This development, a nd sciences recognised ability to introduce esthetic elements into human embryos, are raising serious questions, as relate groups and organisations attempt to define mans moral, ethical, and social guide lines.According to the BBCIn just four years time, the Human Genome Project, will have unraveled the locations and identities of every single component of the genome..... this will help lead to the identification of genes responsible for reference book traits such as predisposition to happiness and intelligence - as well as physical characteristics such as hair and eye colour (BBC News, 2000). This essay will be considering the question of whether parents should be allowed to design their own babies from two different positions. First, it will consider the arguments of a group of doctors and scientists working on incurable, minor killing genetic diseases, who are in favour of granting permission for such approaches as embryo screening. Then it will be considering the position of an environmentally and ethically concerned organisation, which although not fundamentally opposed to genetic engineering approaches, fears that this approach is a step too far, and who therefore will be denying permission. Brussels, September 200.....Conference storey for Doctors & Scientists Making Decisions for PGD. Mans war against disease, over the past decade, has advanced dramatically through the introduction of such techniques as PGD. This

Journal 6 - World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Journal 6 - World Literature - Essay ExampleThey fought with each other to death and this incidence amused the spectators and said(prenominal) incidence was repeated after many years, the passengers of the boat amused themselves by throwing the coins on natives and when the writer bespeak the lady who started it to stop, her response was, I love charity. The Carbide Tower, which rises in the middle of Buna and whose top is r arly visible in the fog, was built by us. Its bricks were called Ziegel, briques, tegula, cegli, kamenny, mattoni, teglak, and they were cemented by hate hate and discord, like the Tower of Babel, and it is this that we call it Babelturm, Bobelturm and in it we hate the insane dream of grandeur of our masters, their contempt for God and men, for us men. Is the expression from the memoir A honourable day. The tower of hate was built by the captives and it was an insane dream of their masters. And presently that building stands as a curse of divine and Germens a lso feel that. At sunset, the siren of the Feierabend sounds, the end of work and as we be all satiated, at least for a few hours, no quarrels arise, we feel good, the Kapo feels no urge to do us, and we are able to think of our mothers and wives, which usually does not happen. For a few hours we can be lovesick in the manner of free men. This extract also explains the plight of the workers in the camp. It is the day when they have a stomach full. There is a certain change in everyones attitude. Everyone is satisfied and there is no grumbling and fights that arise due to empty or half full stomachs and in fact their attracter doesnt feel any urge to hit them. The irony is when the stomach is full the near and affectionately ones are remembered. The above three examples from the Memoirs relate how effectively they take the readers into flash congest and evoke the images as they have happened salutary before the readers eyes. As both these memoirs are the survivor type in natur e they are able to capture writers struggle and sufferings. It does not just appear before the reader as a fiction but with a personal reconstruction and impact. 3. Destruction was caused or perpetrated by individuals who neither felt nor expressed any remorse for their actions one of the leading that fall in this list is ibn Talal Hussein Hussein. He was born on 28 April 1937 in the crossroads of al-Awja, near Tikrit, on the Tigris River in northwest Iraq, into a landless but influential Sunni family. He was a member of the al-Khatab clan. Saddam later fabricated his genealogy to claim direct descent from the Prophet Mohammed. He had a battered childhood as his father abandoned his mother when she was pregnant with him and he was brought up in the custody of his maternal uncle as his mother remarried. With such emotionless up bringing Saddam never felt remorse for

You can choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

You can cream - Essay ExampleAgricultural bio-systems and structures are among the most promising solutions that can be applied on the problem.There is increased need to address the issue of global thaw especially considering that global existence is increasing by the day. More importantly, urbanization and industrialization is increasing the rate of global warming. Therefore, more sharpen on measures to control the rate of global warming to ensure that the future ecosystem is sustainable. However, agricultural biosystems seems to be superstar of the ways in which the issue of global warming can be addressed. By articulating different aspects of agricultural biosystems, it is possible to realize long-term benefits in the efforts of controlling global warming. It is important to consider that global warming has largely been caused by human activities. Therefore, it will take human efforts to reverse the effects and control the hold rate. Otherwise, it will be increasingly diffi cult for the future generations to survive in this world if meaningful efforts are not applied at the

Children and the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Children and the network - Essay ExampleThe aim of this paper is to explore the reasons why parents should monitor the time their children spend on the cyberspace, and show the serious dangers that children come across when their profits time is not being supervised. It is very unknown that some parents, who are normally very protective of their children, supervise their behavior in public spaces and deter them against the dangers of the strangers with candy are not aware that internet is also a public sphere h binglest with dangerous people. The biggest danger of the internet is that it is a virtual space. Hence, when parents think that their children are safe at family unit in the privacy their rooms, they are neither safe nor private if they have an unsupervised internet alliance in their rooms. Thus, the internet creates an illusion of safety and privacy, while the children engage in various activities in the neighborly networking sites. While some parents, whose childre n are probably better at using technology, are unaware the dangers of the internet some people, including the educators, know its dangers but still advocate unmonitored internet usage in the name of teenage privacy. ... Hence, monitoring internet activities of the children has nothing to do with their privacy, since they engage in social activities on the internet. Frances Jacobson Harris is one of the people, who underestimate the threats of the internet posed to the children. In her article Teens and Privacy Myths and Realities, she called the parental concern with regard to the dangers of the internet as technopanic. Indeed, she seems very naive in a sense that she resorts to the testimonies of her students as evidence of her rather worn notes. She simply believes that children would automatically block the sexual predators and she supports her naive belief with her students responses like this This guy wouldnt give up asking to meet me in real biography (through a game site) so I bar him. And this is end of story for her (76). However, students responses to the casual questions of their teacher are far from being credible sources for an article thus, her argument is not convincing. Plus, her students responses would not change the fact that many children still fell victim to the sexual predators. Indeed, interrupt Child Abuse Kentucky warns families and asks them not to be naive and think my child knows better (3). In meshwork Safety Toolkit, they point out the fact that predators are skilled at using manipulation. They portray themselves to be a friend, boyfriend, girlfriend, mentor or confidant to a child and even sometimes to the childs parents or caregivers as well. They sometimes make themselves out to be helpful, interested and wanting to improve the life of their potential victim in some way (3). Hence, children may not automatically block the know of sexual manipulation as Harris

Protection and Indemnity Clubs Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Protection and Indemnity Clubs - Article Example cardinal percent of shipowners in modern times is a part of one of these clubs. These clubs also cover the shipowner from financial obligation to third parties, as well as coverage against injury or death of the crew-members. (Finnern, 2007, p. 5). The shipowner becomes both the assure and the insurer, because claims are remunerative out of the Clubs funds, and these funds are collected from all the members of the Club. (Finnern, 2007, p. 6). A normal article of most, if not all, of the PI Clubs, is the pay to be paid rule. This rule states, in a nutshell, that if a shipowner has a claim for which he wants the club to reimburse him, he must first settle the claim with the injure caller on his own, with his own means. (Hawkins, p. 3). He can then seek reimbursement from the Club for the money he spent out of pocket. (Finnern, 2007, p. 7). The reason for the pay to be paid rule is that the PI Clubs only forget indemnification for th eir members, as opposed to invariable insurance. The difference between uniform insurance and indemnification is that, with regular insurance, all claims against the insured are paid, whereas, with indemnification insurance, only the claims for which the insured has already paid are covered. With regular insurance, the insured does not have to suffer an actual financial loss to collect, and advanced payment is not necessary with indemnification, the insured does have to suffer an actual financial loss to collect, advanced payment is necessary, and the count that he collects from the indemnity insurance is only as much as he has already paid out. (Finnern, 2007, pp. 8-9). Further, the third party generally has to have a judgment against the insured, otherwise, the PI does not kick in. In other words, if the insured gives money to a third party to settle the claim, but the third party did not first obtain a judgment, the PI may not pay the claim, even though the insured has fulfill ed the requisite requirement of payment.

Planning the Project (Topic in Instruction3) Essay

supplying the Project (Topic in Instruction3) - Essay ExampleThe project plan could be used in the affect of bidding, submission of proposal or as a request for raising bullion. The activities to be undertaken as mentioned in the project plan provide a clear idea of the expectation levels on the deliverables of the project. The first business of a project plan thus includes co-ordination, planning and communication of the project deliverables. The project plan helps the aggroup members to co-ordinate among themselves on the argonas of importance on project deliverables and how the overall plan could be improved for effective project vigilance (Kerzner 39). The project plan primarily serves as a planning tool that could be modified by the planners to envisage the goals and success of the project. By showcasing a similar project, the plan could serve the primary function of communicating to the team members and the client about the outline of actions to be undertaken in the proj ect and the milestones that could be achieved in the process. Nine (9) categories of reading needed in a project master plan The guild categories of information needed in a master project plan atomic number 18 given as follows. The master project plan should include a project guide in the first organise that incorporates a checklist for the activities of the project. The project guide would guide the several tasks to be undertaken in the project in a sequential manner. The next information needed in a master project plan is a project definition. The project definition includes an explanation of the objectives of the project, description of the project activities, the cost and risk associated with the project, goals of the project and the timelines for bound of the project. The project definition includes a tentative plan for the completion of the project. The third information incorporated in the project master plan in analysis and evaluation of the project. The analysis of the projects in term of the focus on areas of the project and the relative importance of the focus areas in the project is analyzed. The evaluation of the project in hurt of the goals and milestones to be achieved through the project work is described in this information. The requirements of the project work and the system requirements are the next information incorporated in the master plan (Carmichael 57). The system requirements of the project and the requirement of resources for working class the project are mentioned in a statement of work and system requirements. The fifth category of information is the information on the process to be undertaken for the project. The selection of vendors, outsourcing of specialized roles approval of several functions of the project are part of this information category. A technical evaluation of the project is the next information that is included in the project master plan. The expectations from the project and the desired results of the proj ect are dependent on the technical expertise in the domain and thus technical evaluation is important for attainment of the desired benchmark results. The sixth information to be incorporated in the master project plan includes is an analysis of the budgeting and financial management of the project work. This information is crucial as the performance of the project work depends on the funding of the project, sources of funds and effective implementation of the funds in the areas planned

Discussion 2 Week 11 Best Practices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 2 Week 11 Best Practices - Assignment Examplenagerial political economy provided the theoretical frameworks for understanding the concept of demand and supply as well as illuminating practitioners on differences in market structures (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris). From the experience in Katrinas Candies, it was revealed that there are pricing strategies that should be employ depending on the market structure that the organization is in either in an oligopoly or monopolist structure.Likewise, vaticination tools are analytical techniques which provide insights to the organizations decision makers in terms of evaluating options according to pass judgment results. The value of forecasting lies in the accuracy of identifying factors which could significantly affect the plans of the firm. As such, it is best practice to pass it and it helps in making responsible decisions based on projected goals.Finally, globalization takes into account increasing pressures for more competit ors. As such, there is a need to undertake market research to discern the most-likely reaction and solution of competitors should external factors affect the industry. The recession that affected the global market required application of transformed strategies to accommodate and adjust to changes in demand and supply. As such, the reactions of competitors are useful inputs to work

HOWARD GOODALL'S 20TH CENTURY GREATS - BERNARD HERMAN Assignment

HOWARD GOODALL&aposS twentieth CENTURY GREATS - BERNARD HERMAN - Assignment ExampleHe brought the orchestra up to date with imaginative and unparalleled musical textures and effects. Hermann utilise electronic instruments to score a sequence of landmark films. In doing this, he did not only disapprove the film audience off the romantic music it was al about conversant with notwithstanding he likewise impacted classical concert. He was unsure of his success. He never received the respect he had a desire in the classical world. However, Herman did more(prenominal) than anyone else to widen the musical tastes of the audience. He did this in the crucible most significant form, which is the cinema, of the twentieth century (Howard).Herman composed more than simple music to manipulate his audience as most movies make headway are intended to (Howard). He created a psychological mood that developed a character unto itself. Living even beyond the images they are established to support. It is interesting to learn about the faction of historic facts and practical demonstration.It is interesting to note that the musical concepts to be observed in the Hitch scores of Hermann always have a heavy focus on internal repetition. Often, sections of Hermans music will turn back of a short notion that is repeated in various ways. On the one hand, it is applied to hide this repetition partially, but, on the other hand, to assist the suspense and obsession of mood and cyclic falls comprise in the Hitchcock.The most remarkable of the repetition strategies comprise of the chromaticism and instrumentation. Chromaticism not only permits Herrmann to repeat short phrases without end, but it also increases the suspense and general mood of the scene. It is a device of Hermanns landscape, which can be seen as the maiden of Herrmanns notable echoes.Herman was evidently able through his collaboration with Hitchcock to connect these films sonically. The allusions betray a more intelli gent objective than a simple lack of creativity. The echoes throw thematic designs in the

The Delicate Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Delicate Relationship - Essay ExampleThe commonwealth would benefit from the interlocking opportunities within their companies while the company would benefit from the European market. The firms and the governing body could, therefore, agree based on the put down motives. Intentions of both parties. From time to time, the diplomatic ties are not sufficient to keep companies operating in the like country. The risk of companies exiting the country in which they work is in truth high. Diplomatic measures only work when the collateral stultification to be caused too much to handle (Pigman, 77). The relationship between a firm and its parent countrys Government is slightly different. It is important to note that for the government, the firms offer an invaluable addition to the physical or cyber critical infrastructure. Google Inc., for example, is one of the most powerful companies in the world. The advancements that the company has made advancements in information technology. T he US government, therefore, considers the company an asset as opposed to a liability (The Monitor 1). There have been reports that indicate, the government, has been devising requests for personal information from Google. The purpose of these inquiries is unknown. Diplomacy is not a common practice between the government and the firms that are in the parent country. The need for constant communication between the firm and the country is very important as it ensures their agreement remains safe. In the event a firm and the government of a host country have similar interests, they are able to come to an agreement.

An Experience Related to Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

An Experience Related to Crime - Essay poserThe actual move out and run incident was not actually observed but the man sprawled provided near the middle island of two busy streets was a disturbing sight especially when people respectable looked and no one dared to find out if assistance could still be provided. No police force officeholder was on the premises. The initial reaction was to try to bring the victim to the nearest hospital, with the plan of reporting the hit and run incident leading to vehicular manslaughter in the hospital desk. The impact of the criminal incident had unpredicted repercussions that could not be forgotten.A vehicular manslaughter has been defined by Hill and Hill (2005) as the discourtesy of causing the death of a human being due to illegal driving of an automobile, including gross negligence, sot driving, reckless driving, or speeding (par. 1). In this particular case, it was reported by various bystanders who witnessed the crime as due to reck less driving, in conjunction with speeding. The vehicle was identified as a cargo truck. done the assistance of witnesses, who willingly provided their names and contact numbers, the information was likewise relayed to the hospital to be forwarded to criminal investigators and police officers, as required.I rushed to the hospital the investigation was finally resolved. However, the trauma as spectator, as soulfulness who wanted to immediately give assistance to the victim, and as a community member, rendered this experience as renowned and unforgettable.

The management of salivary gland infection Essay

The management of salivary secreter infection - quiz ExampleThe management of these cardinal types of salivary gland infection is possible with certain preventive measures and treatments. In certain cases, treatment is not required for curing these infections.The acute bacterial infection of the salivary glands occurs because of two important physiological mechanisms. Firstly, there are certain bacteria present in the oral cavity. overdue to poor oral hygiene, the salivary duct and parenchyma tissue inhabited by these bacteria is contaminated which results in the infection. Secondly, the obstructionist of salivary gland results in the stasis of salivary flow through the ducts and parenchyma promotes acute suppurative infection.The bacterial infection can affect any of the three pairs of the salivary glands however the most commonly modify gland is the parotid gland. Several physiological and anatomic factors attribute to the predilection of the Parotid glands infection. The com position of the Parotid gland secretion is completely different from that of the submandibular and sublingual glands. The saliva secreted by the Parotid gland is serous while that of the other two glands have higher proportion of mucinous material. The kind of saliva secreted by the other two glands contains lysosomes and IgA antibodies, which serve an antimicrobial function in protecting these glands from the bacterial infection. Mucins likewise contain sialic acid, which agglutinates bacteria, preventing its adherence to host tissues. Finally, specific glycoproteins found in mucins bind epithelial cells, competitively inhibiting bacterial attachment to these cells. There are certain anatomic factors as well that contribute to the predilection of the parotid glands infection. Stensens duct lies adjacent to the upper mandibular molars, whereas Whartons ducts rests on the floor of the mouth near the tongue. Tongue mobility whitethorn prevent salivary stasis in the area of wartons du cts, reducing the rate of infections involving the submandibular gland. The submandibular gland is more(prenominal) prone to bacterial infection rather than the sublingual gland in spite of its composition. Sialothiasis can produce mechanical obstruction of the duct, resulting in salivary stasis and subsequent bacterial infection. Calculus formation is associated frequently with acute bacterial infections of the submandibular gland because Whartons duct is far more likely to harbor a calculus than stensens duct.85 % to 90% of salivary calculi is rigid in the submandibular duct. Submandibular secretions are more mucinous than parotid secretions and therefore more viscid. They are also more alkaline containing a higher percentage of calcium phosphates. These characteristics contributes to the formation of submandibular calculi, despite the submandibular glands predisposition for calculus formation. The parotid gland remains the most common site of acute suppurative salivary infectio n.Sialography, a method acting used for diagnosis of the internal structure of the salivary gland can also result in the infection of the submandibular glands rather than sublingual glands. There are small and numerous sublingual ducts which may not allow the catheter to enter unless there are anatomic variations. Bailey, Byron , Healy, Gerald ., Johnson, Jonas , Jackler, Robert , Calhoun, Karen , Pillsbury, Harold ,

Violent Video Games Essay Example for Free

uncultivated moving picture Games moveVideo games argon becoming one of the favorites squirtren all over the world. Every child could like to be bring or act like an artist or actor whose acts argon furious. The behavioural patterns of children admit changed to violence and wherever they do something or any activity, they do it with a lot of violence, imitating what they proverb on the idiot box games. The world is breeding a times of children who ar reddish which thitherfore delegacy that the world in a a couple of(prenominal) tears testament be full of a generation of tearing people. The minds of these children have also been changed and affected as the continued feeding into their minds with violent video games has make them to be different human beings all together. The sales of video games have grown drastically to a level which is alarming. The impact of extravagant ceremonial of the video games is clearly seen as to the way children argon behaving and how they have been addicted to watching them. The hypothesis for this converseion could be that the continued watching of violent games by the children has caused mental problems in children and this has resulted to changes in their behavioral patterns. Allowing the children the watch violent video games is infact doing in thatice to them because it is one way of destroying them morally, socially and psychologically. An immediate action has to be taken and that a remedy must be found to hold dear these children from getting too much exposed to watching violent video games. For the children to grow up and fail into responsible adults in future, parents have the responsibility to find out and know what their children are watching and consequently take the necessary action. No parent could wish his/her child to be become violent or in any way that is against the good morals.The thesis should be supported because it is meant to protect the children from engaging themselves in watc hing violent video games that ultimately allow influence them to change their morals and imitate notional ones. A seek conducted by Anderson, C. A. , Bushman, B. J. (2001) on the Effects of Violent Games on vulturine mien, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior concluded that the more(prenominal) children ere exposed to watching violent video games, the more there are likely to be affected psychologically .This thesis pull up stakes answer the parents and the guardians to be diligent to checkout counter on what their children are watching and if they notice a strange behavior by their children, because they should be in a position to find out why and take the necessary action. In their book Dill, K. E. , Dill, J. C. (1998). Video Game Violence A Review of the Empirical Literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, they present that parents have a major responsibility of knowing what their children are doing and watching. F ailure to do so go forth be followed by worst consequences that will be their own making.The hypothesis will also crack a background for further research on violent video games and their impact on the psychological development of the children. According to the Journal of Personality and tender Psychology on Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and Life by Anderson, C. A. , Dill, K. E. (2000) they argue and urge that more research should be conducted in future to find out the psychological impacts on the children and more related issues should be brought in as the parents are the contri stilling factors to this issue because they also watch the violent video games with their children.There are those whom may not agree with the hypothesis may be because they have not been able to gather nice evidence or may be they feel and think that children are too young to be psychologically affected by watching violent video games. Children virtuall yly like watching violent videos which shows acts of violence that they later practice. Parents have not been keen to check on what content their children are watching, solely they are the first ones to complain about the behavioral changes of their children which are deviant, rude and violent. Over the past few years, several studies (Creasey, G.L. , Myers, B. J. 1986) have been carried on the psychological personal effects of violent video games on children. The majority of this research looked at the associations between video game use and the vulturous behavior and also on the effects of video games on teach performance. Even though the video games are designed for entertaining, challenging and educational, most of them include the violent content. Recent research on video games indicates that as many as 89% of the games contain violent content and therefore, among the games that are purchased and roleplayed by the children contains violence.Playing violent video games incre ases the aggressive behaviors of children, increases their aggressive cognitions, their aggressive emotions, their physiological arousal and decreases their prosocial behaviors. These effects have psychologically affected the children and completely changed their behavioral patterns. Parents do not often put limits on how much time the children are allowed to play video games and how often the same parents checked on the contents of the video games. Even a few of them check the video content and found it to be violent, on a few occasions could deny their children from watching them.(American Academy of Pediatrics, American psychological Association, 2000) Children have perfected the best ways to convince their parents to buy for them the video games they could like to watch. They even convince their parents that the video games they are about to watch are not violent, to which their parents just accepts without any further investigation. The parents have been victims of violence met ed against them by their own children who have become violent with watching violent video games. Children spend most of their time, especially during holidays to watch video games at the write down of their educational studies.The contents of the video games being played could certainly affect the relationship between the kernel of their play time and their school performance. Children who use computers to play violent or non-violent video games perform more poorly in school, whereas those who use computers in performing school work performed better. This is clear indicator that excessive or continued watching of violent video games intoxicates the mind and changes the reasoning and concentration of children on educational maters (Dill, K. E. , Dill, J. C. 1998).Teachers in various schools are raising concern on the changed behavior patterns of the children. They are saying that the children have become rude, brutal and bullies amongst the other children and to the teachers. The children feel superior and muscular enough to respond to any fights. The boys are the majority victims than the girls, though girls are also interested in watching violent video games but not as boys. Boys quite often harass girls using the techniques they have watched, liked and imitated. They feel that they are mature enough and can behave exactly like what they watched on the video games.This makes them to forget that they are still young children whose minds have been tainted with violent materials (Van Schie, E. G. M. , Wiegman, O. 1997). Conclusion Children should not be allowed to watch violent video games when they are still young. This greatly affects their psychological development, changing their behavioral patterns. It is painful for parents and guardians when the children they are supposed(p) to take care of become rude, violent, deviant and act as if they are criminals by dressing, way of speaking.It is their responsibility to make sure that whatever material their children watch has the right material content and teaches good morals. If the children will experience psychological problems through with(predicate) watching violent video games, even their academic performance will go down. The acts of violence copied by the children will be of negative impact to them, hence we will in future have a society which will be violent. Something must be done through concerted efforts to rectify the situation in the lead it is too late.As children begin to see the world in aggressive terms and therefore begin to act aggressively, their personality changes to become more aggressive and hostile. These changes will result in increased opportunities for aggressive behavior, because of both changes in the individuals personality and the changes in the situations the individual (child) is likely to get involved in as others fight down to the individual. This is all brought about by watching violent video games. Recommendations Several recommendations can be of great help and these include the parents should play the video games with the children.From this they will be able to know what their children are exposed to watch and how they will react to different features in the game, parents should know their children, in that if a child becomes aggressive after watching violent video games, they should stop buying such games regardless the childs age, parents should talk with the children if they sense that their children are disturbed after watching a violent video game. This could be an opportunity for the parent and the children to discuss more deeply on the video games, the parents should set limits for watching the video games.Infact they should censor the video games before the children watch them and the video game makers should be informed that the games they are making and selling for children to watch are more violent and bringing more harm to the children and so should make games that are children friendly. The teachers at scho ol should also assist the parents in counseling the children who they discover that they have been victims of watching violent video games. If this has affected their class work, they should inform their parents so that they can look for a way forward together to help these children to return to normality.ReferencesAmerican Academy of Pediatrics, American Psychological Association, American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, American Medical Association (2000). Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children Anderson, C. A. , Dill, K. E. (2000). Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Anderson, C. A. , Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of Violent Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior A meta-analytic Review of the Scientific Literature.Psychological Science. Creasey, G. L. , Myers, B. J. (1986). Video Games and Children Effects on Leisure Activities, Schoolwork, and Peer Involvement. MerrillPalmer Quarterly, 32 Dill, K. E. , Dill, J. C. (1998). Video Game Violence A Review of the Empirical Literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior Lynch, P. J. (1999). Hostility, Type A Behavior, and Stress Hormones at relief and After Playing Violent Video Games in Teenagers. Psychosomatic Medicine Van Schie, E. G. M. , Wiegman, O. (1997). Children and VideoGames Leisure Activities, Aggression, Social Integration, and School Performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.

Macbeth Analysis Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Analysis EssayIn the beginning Macbeth starts out as a lucky and respected warrior, who leads King Duncans army. Then his life starts to go downhill for him when he decides to follow to a witches prophecy. His married wo earthly concern lady Macbeth pressures him to kill Duncan while he is staying at the Macbeths castle. At first, Macbeths ambitions overcome his doubts and hesitations, but later twain he and his wife are driven to insanity by their guilt. Macbeth then goes on to kill fishy Banquo, and he also plans to kill Macduff, who too has his own suspicions just about Macbeth. Macbeth is not in the right soil of mind to grieve when his wife dies from her mental anguish. Fin all in ally, Macduff kills Macbeth in battle, and Malcolm experiences the new poof.The context of our key conniption (Act 2, position 3) is about Duncans murder by Macbeth. Macbeth has his own strong motivations not to kill Duncan, but is pushed and pressurised into it by the witches an d dame Macbeth. Lady Macbeth gives her husband advice to look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under it, which office he must be vicious in stead but appear innocent on the exterior to the rest of the characters, which they have to do plane after the murder. There is a smell out of scruple, much(prenominal) as, how result the thanes react to the murder? Will Macbeth get external with it forever? And result his plan be successful?Act 2, Scene 3 is about the aftermath of King Duncans murder by Macbeth. It begins with a preferably comic interlude, where a drunken Porter is roaming about in Macbeths castle and is speaking nonsense, with ironic mentions about hell. He opens the door to Macbeth and Lennox, and they go to the quarters where they find that Duncan is dead. Lennox and others are genuinely shocked, whilst guilty Macbeth babbles too overmuch about the situation, and counterbalance his wife makes it slightly look as if she is more concerned about her ma nsion house than the kings death. Sly Lady Macbeth turns the attention and suspicion away from her husband by fainting. Duncans sons Malcolm and Donaldbain fear for their lives and run away to neighbouring countries.Both our main characters develop in similar and different ways. Macbeth has constant doubts about the murder, then directly feels shameful after he commits it. Both he and his wife struggle to talk without dropping low suspicious clues, but lady Macbeth mainly manages to keep them out of suspicion. Macbeths sense of guilt leads to panic, as he is forced to be deceptive to cover up his crime. There is hesitation in his speech, and guilty repentance is revealed through his actions. Although he was pushed by his wife to kill Duncan, he wasnt inspired by anyone to kill the guards. He is forced to take action to control the situation, and feels he has to keep killing because there is no pass back. He is starting to experience with the consequences, like the poison chalic e.Up until instanter, Lady Macbeth has been the prime mover, but is now beginning to crumble and is no longer the strong person that she was. She does show some human sensitiveness in her, even if she is evil. She has a genuine wifely devotion and loyalty to her husband. Also, she knows that she cant go really far in the world of that era because she is a woman, so she is getting close to somewhere superior through Macbeth. Lady Macbeth may be sad and evil partly due to losing her child, compared to Lady Macduff, who has children and tellms to be a nicer, calmer person.In this duck soup, we can run across the bow of appearance vs. reality, as the Macbeth couple are forced to conceal the guilty reality of their crime by putting on innocent appearances. It was Lady Macbeth who quoted the exposure of appearing like the innocent flower, but being the serpent under it, by which she meant to be uncouth but act innocent. There are images with references to heaven and hell, such a s when the drunken porter appears to be talking nonsense, but his words actually make some sense. Some of his quotes include if a man were a porter of hell-gate and whos there in the name of Beelzebub?, which seems to link in with the evil movement that Macbeth has just committed.Macbeths act of killing the king is called regicide, which leads to confused events. To kill a king was seen as wretched because it was removing Gods representative on earth. Macbeths image of the fountain being stopped (by him, which he doesnt make obvious) shows an interference with the foretell Right of Kings, a belief that royalty is passed down in the family. As with most tragedies, betrayal is precise prominent in this play. He betrays his guest and king Duncan by killing him instead of protecting him. We see the use of iambic pentameter, and this is when a line follows a certain rhythmic pattern, such as confusedness now hath made his masterpiece.We can see a tragic structure in the play of Macbe th. Firstly, as with most tragedies, he chances from an elevated position to a tragic demise. At the beginning of the play he is a war hero, but after some bad influences and wrong choices, becomes disgraced, isolated, and finally killed. Macbeths fall is seen in this scene when he kills innocent people to cover up his first murder he declines into insanity and loses control of the situation. He has an internal conflict between the benign and malign sides to his characters. His benign side is telling him not to do the murder, then after it happens he thinks if I could turn back time, indirect request he had not done it after all. Then there is his malign ambition to be king and become powerful no matter what, and to listen to the bad advice of Lady Macbeth and the witches. There is the prominent theme of betrayal, which Arthur Miller of A View from the Bridge said is the key to many tragedies.Macbeth betrays many people such as Duncan, by not protecting him as his host, Banquo, by also killing him, Macduff, by big(a) orders for his family to be killed, God, by removing his designated representative on earth, Scotland, by leaving it in a political vacuum, and even himself, for sinking so low. He lies a lot to conceal his guilt and murder. There is an overwhelming sense of wasted potential. Many characters such as Duncan, Banquo, and even Macbeth himself should all have lived peaceful, happy, contented lives, but Macbeth spoils it for all of them. There is also the chance that Macbeth could have become king honourably without the need to kill. Also, Malcolm could have become king earlier without the chaos which leaves Scotland unsettled, and the political vacuum. In this scene we see Macbeth become an independent murderer without influence from anyone. He is visibly a deceitful liar, and there are many beginnings of chaos.The events of our key scene (Act 2, Scene 3) leave us questioning what pass on happen next and wanting to know more. This is how Shakespea re evokes suspense in the play of Macbeth. After Macbeth commits the terrible murder, we are left wondering what will happen to the verbalise of Macbeths mind, as we later find out that his increasing insanity finally finishes him off. We wonder if the Macbeth couple will ever be found out of their wicked conspiracy. Although they do not get caught by sphere officials, they see the suspicions from Banquo and Macduff.We could even say that the Macbeths punish themselves in a way, by having to face the guilt-ridden consequences of their actions. From the beginning, Lady Macbeth has been the more prominent partner in the relationship, but her mental decline seems to affect her quicker than Macbeth, even to the point that she dies and he does not seem to care much. Going back to the murders aftermath, there is the question of who will be the new king, and what will happen to Scotland from this point. We, as the audience, are waiting to find out what happens next, and see that some of our questions are answered, and some are not, (like, what exactly happened to Lady Macbeths child that she had vaguely mentioned?).

The percentage energy loss when a ball Bounces Essay Example for Free

The percentage vitality loss when a ball Bounces EssayThis investigation ordain be to determine the consanguinity among the length of a conductor and its resistance. The aim is to test a number of different lengths of nichrome telegram to pulsation the resistance of each length. To ensure a safe procedure, a low potentiality battery of 12 volts go outing be utilize, and the attempts to be tested will be located on an insulating mat to forbid any shorts occurring. In addition a 2 Amp fuse will be placed in the circuit as a protective measure. For a fair test, all some other parameters that flock imprint the resistance will be kept constant.These ar the sample material, the diameter of the wire, and the temperature of the wire. To abide by the temperature of the wire constant, it will be necessary to keep the current flowing in it constant. This is because the power lush in the conductor is I2R, so an increase of current by a factor of 2 will increase the power di ssipated by a factor of 4, which can seriously affect the resistance. therefore only the length of the wire will be changed, and the corresponding voltage crossways it to give the identical test current will be varied and measured. The resistance of the test sample will because be given by Ohms Law Resistance = Voltage (Volts)( Ohm) My prognostication is that the resistance of the wire will be proportional to its length, all other variables being kept constant Equipment The equipment used for this investigation consisted of 1) 12 volt power pack with on/off switch 2) Variable resistor (rheostat) 3) A 2 amp ammeter with digital readout to 0. 001 amp accuracy 4) A 20V voltmeter with digital readout to 0. 01V accuracy 5) Crocodile clips for connection of the test sample into the circuit and the voltmeter to the connecting crocodile clips. 6) Test samples consisting of varying lengths of 24 SWG The equipment and the circuit configuration used is shown in Fig 1.A 12-volt power pack will be connected in series with a switch, a 2-amp fuse, an Ammeter, a variable resistor and a sample test wire. A voltmeter will be connected across the test sample by crocodile clips. The test sample was connected into the circuit using crocodile clips. The voltmeter was connected across the sample into the rear of the crocodile clips. The plan will be to vary the sample length from 10 cms to vitamin C cms in 10 cm increments to provide a good range of results. Also to take readings of deuce-ace samples for each length, and average the voltage readings to reduce possible errors.There are four factors that will affect the resistance of a wire. These are 1. As the length of a wire increases, the resistance of the wire as well increases. A variable resistor or rheostat is used to vary the current in a circuit. As the sliding contact moves, it varies the length of wire in the circuit. 2. As the cross-sectional area of a wire increases, the resistance of the wire decreases. An anal ogy of this is a irrigate pipe, if the diameter of the water pipe is delicate the water flowing through will. Experience high resistance to the rate of flow. However if the diameter of the water pipe is large, the water flowing.Through it will experience low resistance to the rate of flow. 3. Different types of materials will affect the resistance in different ways. Materials such as copper, are very good conductors, and is used for connecting wires. Other materials such as nichrome (as used in the investigation) have a higher resistance than copper, and so is used in the heating elements of electric fires. 4. As the temperatures of a wire increases, the resistance of the wire increases as well. This is used in resistance thermometers, which use the fact that electricity does not flow so easy through a wire when the wire go abouts hot.Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charge. In alloys, a ocean of free electrons enabling it to conduct electricity surrounds a lattice o f positive ions. The shorter the length of wire, the less dexterity is needed to move the electrons across the wire If the metal is attached to a power supply therefore the electrons flow through the metal but collide with atoms. Resistance is shown under in the diagram below The resistance of a metal can be regarded as arising from the interaction, which occurs between the crystal lattice of the metal and the free electrons as they drift through it under an applied potential difference.This interaction is due in the main to collisions between defects in the crystal lattice (e. g. impurity atoms and dislocations) also play a part, especially at very low temperatures. Resistance is measured in Ohms (? ) Georg Ohm discovered that the current flowing through a metal wire is proportional to the potential difference across it (providing the temperature remains constant). Therefore Resistance, R (? ) = potence difference across the wire (V) I= V i R V= I x R R= V i I TABLE 1 RESULTS T able 1 shows the entropy recorded and the resulting values for resistance for each length.These were those separate samples of the conductor tested for each length, and the average voltage was used to determine the resistance volume. Graph 1 plots the resistance against length for the range of test samples from 10cm to 100cm. The interpret shows the data to be in very close proximity to a straight line, verifying the prediction to its length. From the best fit line drawn on the graph, the resistance per unit length of 24 SWG nichrome wire is found to be 0. 362 ohm/cm. When current passes down a wire, the wire gets heated.The moving electrons collide with ion and cause them to flap thus increasing the temperature ths is a waste of energy-when a current flows, heat is transferred to the air surroundingggs which explains why computers get hot in operation. However we can make use of the heating effect e. g. in fuses which are designed to melt when too much current flows e. g. in ket tles. We can calculate the heat transferred per act using the following formula Power = (stream)2 x Resistance (Watts) = (Amps)2 x (Ohms) (W) = (A)2 x (? ) Length (cm) Current (Amps) Resistance in Ohms (R=V/I) Power (Watts)From the table above we see that there is a relationship between the resistance and the current. We see that from the results table that the power (in Watts) is equivalent to the current (in amps) squared multiplied by the resistance of the wire. From the graph showing Power Vs Length, we can work out the heat transferred in unitary centimetre of nichrome wire. Power i Length =Thermal energy transferred (J) Length (cm).Current (Amps) Power (Watts) From these results we can work out the coulombs of charge in each separate length of nichrome. This result will therefore allow us to calculate how many electrons had passed through the wire, which further allows us to calculate the time interpreted for the experiment to take place.

A Thousand Splendid Suns Narrative Strategies Essay Example for Free

A Thousand Splendid Suns report Strategies EssayA Thousand Splendid Suns the reader would think its a happy new(a), however theres cypher particularly splendid one would assume about the novel. From the very beginning of the novel the author, Khaled Hosseini inserts hints and foreshadowing to conscious the reader that it will be an unhappy story. This is evident in the following illustration when Mariam breaks the sugar area , It was the last peice that slipped from Mariams fingers, that set down to the wooden floorboards of thekolba and shattered (Hosseini 2). Hosseini is generating depressing emotions in the novel by introducing words fell or shattered resembling failure or sin. The reader also gets introduced to the word Harami and other words, such as kolba and Jinn which are monetary value not identified by the author, so the reader must rely on the context to better understand what the word means. For example, when Mariam expresses the fear that the jinn has returne d to her mother, the reader will assume that jinn is something bad.The use of these terms establishes the setting , but also signifies that some things cannot be translated remaining a mystery for the reader. In the novel , Hosseini makes the reader live, see and feel by portraying the experiences the characters are going through in the novel, and by writing from a third person point of view , he broadens the readers ability because the perspective of the characters is limited, sometimes Mariam, sometimes Laila, which works to great effect to attach the reader to both characters equally.

The Rise Of The Improvised Exposive Devise Essay Example for Free

The turn up Of The Improvised Exposive Devise EssayImprovised explosive devices, better known as IEDs, atomic number 18 makeshift bombs usually made of materials like nails and ball bearing first engrossd in guerilla state of fight during the World War II. (Crystal, 2007) IEDs contrive long since evolved and now, IED builders can improvise on the materials used. As a result, the devices have become more unique in nature, thus making it harder to introduce down.In addition, according to force Gen. John Abizaid, commander of all US forces in the Middle East, IEDs have become the enemys perfect weapon they are cheap, effective, and anonymous. (Knickerbocker, 2007, p.1) As a result, incidents involving IEDs have surged dramatically and now pose a real threat to the community. Despite brass efforts to curtail IED activity, insurgents are still fit to take in slipway to build and detonate their IED made bombs. IED bombings have been on the headlines in the past but curr ently, it can be seen almost constantly. The number of IED incidents keeps on steadily escalating and on that pointfore resulting to thousands and thousands of casualties. This problem not only plagues war sacked countries but also countries in peace who are caught in between. First seen in the World spate Center attack in 1993 and the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, IED use have increase as proven by the Madrid and London transit bombings in 2004 and 2005. Another case was the war in Iraq. According to Atkinson (2007)In Iraq, from the former number of 50 IED bombing incidents per day, the number of bombings has now reached an surprise number of 100 per day. Since that first fatal detonation of what is now known as an improvised explosive device, more than 81,000 IED attacks have occurred, according to U.S. military sources. (p. A1)A total of 3,837 US soldiers also have died and 27,753 were hurt from the Iraq bombings. (Casualty Counts, 2007) Figures include every casualty who d ied ever since the war in Iraq started. Majority were killed through IED bombings. It should be note however that the figures only consist of US soldiers and still not include non-military casualties and the members of non-coalition countries. From these, it could be said that on that point is indeed a real threat in the form of IED bombings. This definitely calls for action on the persona of the US government. The government has been slow in its response to the IED bombing incidents thats what some lawmakers and journalists say. Even Michael Chertoff, homeland Security Secretary admits to this in his departments statement National efforts lack strategic guidance, are sometimes insufficiently coordinated, and lack essential resources.(Hsu and Sheridan, 2007, p. A01)Nonetheless, years after being accused of its slow response, the US government has now allocated a $196.4 billion fund for the Global War on Terror. (2008 Funding Request, 2007) The governments approach has been a ho listic one. They appropriated designated amounts for armor, training, and weapons to counter IEDs.The Homeland Security also made its moves to booster in the governments mission to lessen IED incidents. They set up an Office for Bombing streak which was tasked to take charge of working with both internal and external agencies to tackle possible IED threats.A governance named TRIPwire was also established to share information regarding IEDs such as latest tactics, techniques and procedures over a internet by bomb squad technicians, intelligence analysts, and state and local law enforcement. (Chertoff, 2007) In addition, continuous look is being done as well to develop tools to counter IED blasts. The Homeland Security also has undertaken increase security measures in key areas like the airport and chemical sites and facilities. All these are part of intensify the departments efforts to curtail the surge of bombing incidents.The US government has spent a coarse amount of money trying to counter IED insurgencies but despite this, the latter can still find ways to counter these efforts. Several long term issues have been raised. First, bombs become more complex in their make up as time goes by. IED bombings started with a simple made bomb that eventually evolved. Currently, the US military have discovered that a new type of bomb has already been in use starting the summer of 2006. Infrared bombs are now at large and they are even harder to track since they run on different signals as those detecting tools the military has. (Magnuson, 2006).Hence, countering the former low-technology bombs requires continuous development of high-technology solutions. This entails millions and millions of dollars to be spent on prevention as opposed to a few dollars an IED builder uses to make his weapon. Second, as the US spends on developing long terms plans on combating insurgencies, the terrorists are also likewise make on their long term plans. Extremist groups are now banking on education as a means of furthering their goals.They are utilize their $50 million funds to send their thousands of new recruits to get a university degree on radio engineering or information technology as opposed to using the funds to amass more weapons. (Magnuson, 2006) To date, the insurgent groups have already released a video mocking the attempts of the US government to stop them. The video, released by a group who named themselves as The Islamic State of Iraq was entitled The lessen and Decline of US Technology. (Osman Martinez, 2007)The IED war indeed has turned into something ugly. IED use surged during the year of 2004 to 2005 and even up to now, there are still ongoing cases regarding this problem. The US government tries to counter this but still, insurgents are still able to survive. Hence, the government should try to intensify its efforts and develop more plans to curb this rising problem.Reference List2008 support request. (2007, October 22). Business Wir e.Atkinson, R. (2007, September 30). The single most effective weapon against our deployed forces. Washington Post, pp. A1.Chertoff, M. (2007). Preventing IED attacks. Leadership Journal. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from http//www.dhs.gov/journal/ lead/labels/IED.html.Crystal, G. (2007). What is an IED. Retrieved from October 26, 2007, from http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-ied.htmHsu, S. Sheridan M. (2007, October 20). IEDs seen as rising threat in the US. Washington Post, pp. A01.Iraq coalition casualty counts. (2007). Retrieved October 26, 2007, from http//www.dhs.gov/journal/leadership/labels/IED.html.Knickerbocker, B. (2007, January 02). austere toll to US troops of roadside bombs. The Christian Science Monitor, pp. 01.Magnuson, S. (2006, January). Adaptive foe thwarts counter-IED efforts. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from http//www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2006/jan/adaptive_foe.htmOsman H. Martinez, L. (2007, March 06). Insurgents in Iraq claim they can beat US an ti-IED technology. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from http//blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/03/insurgents_in_i.html

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay Example for Free

Demonstrative Communication Paper tryDemonstrative converse consists of accepting and sending messages that give the axe be silent this can help m different attention for the start of verbal communion still though a non verbal communication can transmit the message all by itself. An example of this would be facial expressions, which can be utilize to express most non verbal communications. According to Nayab body language along with facial expressions represent 55% of all communication. With demonstrative communication it can highlight the verbal communication for instance appropriately dressed, a nice firm handshake and conducting oneself in a professional manner while on affair interviews. A nonher example would be when two nation meet for the first sentence demonstrative communication can either show that the other mortal is either friendly or unpleasant by just saying the word hello. The facial expression of a smile can demonstrate whether the soul is in good s pirits and have a friendly personality. A good carriage to predict this out without the verbal communication would be the smile and other gestures through the nonverbal communication of the other person. An example of this would be a two people doing business together and when they meet for the first time and both business men smile at each other. This would be a nonverbal communication. The way that a persons personality is shown is through their nonverbal communication.Demonstrative communication can go both ways in being effective and negative. There are mevery different facts that shimmer into the nonverbal communication, like the clothes that people wear, their tattoos and possibly their hairstyles. Although these types of communications are nonverbal it does make some people a little uneasy about how they handle their business with someone with this type of communication. It does not matter what the tattoo is of. It can be misunderstood by the person that is viewing the sy mbol and the person with the tattoo will be labeled as a thug or someone that you should not do business with. That is wherefore body language and facialexpressions can be very historic when it comes to demonstrative communication.An example of body language that can be misunderstood would be when two people are talking and one person has their arms folded across their chest. This can be perceived as the person not earshot or being considered overprotective of themselves and will not take reflection lightly. The person with the folded arms could just be cold or it is a learned gesture from their parents and that is how they listen. This is why many people would agree that demonstrative communication should not altogether have the nonverbal only when besides the verbal to go along with it so that people do not have any misunderstandings and the issue can be handled properly.According to Sutton, a person cannot fully deliver the anecdote of the sidereal day to anyone lacking wo rds, except if the person can mime the entire tale (Sutton, 2011). Even if the person is subject to mime they cannot express the entire issue perfectly. There has to be some degree of distance. This type of communication cannot always be expressed perfectly. An example of this would be that a person cannot convey the nonverbal communication over the phone and the person on the other end only has the verbal break apart of the communication and might take something the wrong way because they are not able to see the nonverbal part of the communication and that is where misunderstandings come in.Just like all other types of communication demonstrative communication requires hearing and responding. It has been said time and time again that people receive more knowledge from someones actions more than their words. There are times when a person needs to listen not only with their ears but also with their eyeball. An example of this would be when a new student has to get up in front of the class and introduce themselves, at first the new student may roll their eyes like so many do because they already know that it is hard enough to start train as the new kid but to have to stand up in front of everyone makes things even more intense.So the other kids have seen the new student roll their eyes but they also have to listen to what is being said because the action was just an annoyance for having to stand up in front of everyone. It is important to remember to listen as well as taking in the gibe of what is going on around them. Both the verbal and nonverbal communication will create the listening and response aspect of thecommunication.In todays world all around us thither are people unknowingly using demonstrative communication. Just by smiling at their neighbour or waving at someone they are using demonstrative communication. Even though this communication can be misinterpreted or misunderstood it is still wise to try and listen to see if in that location is an ything that the person is also saying.ReferencesReferencesCheesebro, T., OConnor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper SaddleRiver, NJ prentice Hall. Nayab, N. (2010, July 26).Different types of communication. Retrieved from http//www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/79297.aspxSutton, N. (2011, March 26). Pros and cons of nonverbal communication.

Understanding “Rule of the Bone” Novel Essay Example for Free

Understanding Rule of the trick out Novel EssayRule of the Bone is one of the astray read coming-of-age novels is written by Russell Banks. The novel is written in a striking way as sad tones about the drama of living a manners far from ones family. Rules of get up shows themes of weakness, failure, and the intricacy of leading an honest life associated to gaining total independence as a teenager. Readers of the novel atomic number 18 left with a lesson on the positive wisdom that comes along with optimism in every experience. Wisdom is give tongue to to be the quality of macrocosm wise and having the knowledge and the capacity to derive benefits from such knowledge.There be many accounts on how and where wisdom cornerstone be dissipaten or learned from. Wisdom can largely be attributed from learning from lessons and practices initially taught to children and developed through aging. Experience is also considered to be the superior teacher. People easily believe when experiences showed them the consequences of their actions, regardless if the outcome is a failure or a success. The main(prenominal) character Chappie (or Bone) faces a series of distinct events that has taught him to be wise and take an active and independent role.His switch is also depicted on how his name evolved from Chappie, to a mix of Chappie and Bone, to totally Bone. The events gradually molded Chappie from being totally dependent to his parents, semi dependent on I-Man and to totally independent. The period of adolescence is marked by a conflict between self-identity and role confusion. Chappie is seen as an adolescent who started out as having to resort to illegal drugs and to a greater extent crimes to sustain his dangerous habit. Chappie and his addiction to drugs is an example of how some people cope with a dysfunctional family.His family is collected of a nagging mother, abusive stepfather, and friends who are noxious influences to him. I would say that bone gai ned wisdom from cognise himself through the hardships and trials that came his way. The first few chapters of the novel showed an immature and rebellious character of Bones. Given the circumstances of his family and situation, the contributor has their sentiments on Bones at the same time questions why Bones abandons his troubles and opted the wrong way out. At this point, Chappie or Bones turns to his friend for support.When Russ eventually abandoned Chappie, Chappie showed the readers that he has good intentions and not a bad kid after all. It showed how Chappie gained wisdom when he was partly independent. The self-discovery of the protagonist was reinforced when Chappie or Bones grew nestled to I-Man. I-Man was instrumental to the self-discovery of Bones. He shared his insights on being independent most of his life. Bones loses his desire to take drugs when he learned from I-Mans wisdom. The novel showed a change of attitude of Bones depending who he was with.When he was with Russ, he was very greedy and would take as much drugs as he can. When he goes to alive with I-Man, he slowly loses his addiction and corporationd only at certain times of the day. The newfound wisdom of taking drugs out of addiction from taking drugs for relaxation is similar to his friendship with Russ. Their friendship seemed to die when Bones lost contact with Russ and was influenced by I-Man. All of these experiences shaped and developed the wisdom of Bones on life and how he should lead his life.The type of wisdom that Bones attained is from his experiences wherein mistakes and blunders shaped him into a wiser and independent man. I believe that Bone ends the novel as a wiser and mature person. The concept of teacher and the student is exemplified in the novel. It is therefore important for adolescent to develop friendships having good influence on their lives. The sad and dramatic apologue of Bones offers a moral lesson to the youth about wisdom and courage. His friends na mely Russ and I-Man have contributed to bones character and outlook in life.Russ served as a bad influence that encouraged Bone to smoke pot and go after pleasure. On the other hand, I-Man taught how independent really means by doing something with oneself. Bone defined his life when he was in Jamaica. He became an adult who knows that life is more than getting pleasures. The true evidence that Bone grew up to be a mature adult was when he decided to go back to America and finish school. His newfound independence made him a better, wiser person.

Islamic, Ancient Egyptian, and Ancient Greek Art Essay Example for Free

Islamic, superannuated Egyptian, and quaint classical Art EssayElisabeth Siddiqui has written Art is the mirror of a agriculture and its world view. There is no case to which this statement more directly applies than to the fine art of the Islamic world. Seeing that Muslims are believers in only one true God of the universe, they create been advised by Prophet Muhammad not to make pictures of sympathetic beings, for these pictures may often turn out to become idols for people, thereby turning them away from the Lord of the universe. Hence, Islamic art has focused on anything other than the human form. Muslims have used Arabic calligraphy to express their creativity in countless art works.Arabic hand lends itself wonderfully to decorative use, writes Siddiqui. It is the language of the Quran, even if it is used to write something other than the Quranic verse. The choices are limitless. Thus we find a beautiful piece of calligraphic art as an allegiance on a mould wo od panel from a door that was made in the late medieval Islamic blockage (See Appendix). The inscription on the panel consists of the signature of its maker. The script is monumental, with large and rounded proportions. The seven words of the inscription are deeply carved in three horizontal registers.These are set against a scrolling foliage maskingground (Late Medieval Period, 2004). Contrary to the believers in the unseen God, the antediluvian patriarch Egyptians were Pharaoh worshippers. The king of ancient Egypt was the Pharaoh, who appeared larger than livelihood in the art works of the period. Ti Hunting the Hippopotamus is a wonderful depiction of the quash (See Appendix). Carved on a surface of a stone, this is a relief using the typical ancient Egyptian style of frontalism, in which the head is drawn in profile while the body is seen from the front. In thisISLAMIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 2 picture, Ti is enormous as compared to his slaves as we ll as the animals. He is the god of both slaves and animals, and is therefore shown as a higher being as compared to the lesser beings. The slaves in the picture are relaxed. So are the animals. Moreover, the animals shown are more virtual(prenominal) than all humans, perhaps because of the ambivalence felt by the artist toward both the higher and the lower beings inside humans (Kremen, 1996).Lastly, the ancient Greeks, who also had plenty of gods and goddesses, downplayed the divine aspects of their gods, unlike the Egyptians, by giving their gods a typically human form. There did not have to be higher or lower beings in ancient Greek art. Instead, the most perfect of figures created were recognized as gods naturally. The ancient Greek civilization enjoyed the beauty of the human form, including the naked human form which was admired for its harmonious proportions. The Torso of Apollo is one of the most perfect examples of this art (See Appendix).Made in 2nd century AD, the torso of marble shows young Apollo, the Greek god of light, music, archery, healing, atonement, divination and flocks and herds. The figure was popular with both Greeks and ancient Romans. It is an unclothed manifestation of splendor and courage, only expected to be shown of Apollo, who wears a belt over one shoulder to which a quiver of arrows were attached at his back (Torso of Apollo). By showing the god as distinctly human, the artist inspires into viewers the spirit to take Apollo for a courageous model and turn into heroes themselves. Thus all art appears as a mirror of its culture and the worldview.References 1. Kremen, Lisa. (1996, December). Understanding Egyptian Art. Egyptian Art. Retrieved from http//www. bergen. org/AAST/Projects/Egypt/egyptian_art. html. (10 February 2007). 2. Late Medieval Period. (2004). Islamic Art. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Retrieved from http//www. lacma. org/islamic_art/intro. htm. (10 February 2007). 3. Siddiqui, Elisabeth. Islamic Art. MS A.Retrieved from http//www.colostate. edu/orgs/MSA/index. html. (10 February 2007). 4. Torso of Apollo. DIA Galleries Ancient Art. Retrieved from http//www. dia. org/collections/Ancient/ancient. html. (10 February 2007). ISLAMIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 4 Appendix Islamic Art Ancient Egyptian Art ISLAMIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 5 Ancient Greek Art.

Java-Whitepaper Essay Example for Free

deep brown-White typography EssayThis white paper comp ars C++/Qt with chocolate/AWT/ dribble for developing large-scale, real-world softwargon with pictorial substance ab roler interfaces. References be made to single-handed reports that examine various aspects of the two toolsets. 1 A equivalence of Qt and coffee 1. What Do We Comp ar? When selecting an environment for a large softw atomic number 18 victimisation project, there are mevery aspects that must be considered.The schedule speech communication is superstar of the most signifi merchantmant aspects, since its choice has considerable impact on what separate options are available. For example, in a graphical user interface development project, developers will need a GUI library that provides made user interface components, for example, only iftons and menus. Since the selection of the GUI library itself has a large impact on the development of a project, it is non uncommon for the GUI library to be chosen first, with the platformming spoken communication macrocosm determined by the languages for which the library is available.Usually, there is tho one language per library. Other software components bid database access libraries or communication libraries must also be taken into consideration, merely they rarely fox such a strong impact on the overall design as the GUI libraries. In this white paper, the objective is to compare the C++/Qt environment with the Java/AWT/Swing environment. In order to do this in the most useful way, we will begin by comparing the programming languages involved, i. e. C++ and Java, and therefore compare the two GUI libraries, Qt for C++ and AWT/Swing for Java. 2. Comparing C++ and Java When discussing the various benefits and drawbacks of situation programming languages, the debate often degenerates into arguments that are based on individualized come and preference instead than both objective criteria. Personal preferences and experience sh ould be taken into account when selecting a programming language for a project, but because it is subjective, it provide non be considered here.Instead we will look at issues such as coder-efficiency, runtime-efficiency and repositing-efficiency since these shadow be quantified and encounter been examined in scientifically conducted research, although we will also incorporate in set upion based on the practical exerience of projects that pick up been utilise in our own company. 2. 1. Programmer-efficiency Programmer-efficiency describes how efficiently (i. e. how quickly and accurately) a programmer with a given degree of experience and knowledge can appliance a certain set of requirements in a particular programming language, including debugging and project setup time.Since developer salaries are one of the primary cost factors for any programming project, programmer-efficiency greatly affects the 2 A Comparison of Qt and Java cost-efficiency of the project. To some exten t, programmer-efficiency is also determined by the tools available. The main design goal of Java is increase programmer-efficiency compared to other general-purpose programming languages, rather than increased entrepot- or runtime-efficiency. Java has several features designed to make it more than programmer-efficient.For example, un uniform C++ (or C), the programmer does not have to explicitly free (give back) allocated depot resources to the operating dust. Freeing clean memory (garbage hookup) is handled automatically by the Java runtime system, at the expense of memory- and runtime-efficiency (see below). This liberates the programmer from the burden of keeping track of allocated memory, a tedious lying-in that is a major(ip) cause of bugs. This feature alone should significantly increase the programmer-efficiency of Java programmers, compared to C++ (or C) programmers. seek installs that in practice, garbage assembly and other Java features, do not have a major influe nce on the programmer-efficiency. One of the classic software estimation models, Barry Boehms CoCoMo1 predicts the cost and schedule of a software project using cost drivers which take into account variables like the general experience of a programmers, the experience with the programming language in question, the targeted reliability of the program, etc. Boehm writes that the amount of effort per source tale was highly independent of the language level.Other research, for example, A order of programming measurement and estimation by C. E. Walston and C. P. Felix of IBM2, forelands in the same direction. Both the reports cited here pre-date the advent of Java by many years, although they be to give away a general principle that the sophistication of a general-purpose programming language has, compared with other aspects, like the experience of the developers, no significant influence on the overall project costs. There is more new-fashioned research that explicitly includes Ja va and which supports this hypothesis.In An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl3, Lutz Prechelt of the University of Karlsruhe, describes an experiment he conducted in which computer science students were assigned a particular design and development task and asked to go through the spec provided in any of the languages C, C++, or Java which they could freely choose according to their personal preferences (the other languages were examined in a different part of the research project). The data gathered shows intimately the same results for C++ and Java (with C rivulet third in most aspects).This is also backed up by our own experience if programmers can choose their favorite programming language (which is unremarkably the one they have most experience of), programmers with the same level of experience (measured for example, in years of programming experience in general) achieve closely the same programmer-efficiency. Another interesting aspect that we noted (but which is not yet back up by any formal 3 A Comparison of Qt and Java research) is that less experienced developers seem to achieve somewhat better results with Java, medium-experienced developers achieve about the same results with twain programming languages, nd experienced developers achieve better results with C++. These findings could be due to better tools being available for C++ til now this is an aspect that must be taken into account. An interesting way to quantify programmer-efficiency is the Function Point method developed by Capers Jones. Function points are a software metric that only depend on the functionality, not on the carrying out. Working from the function points, it is accomplishable to compute the lines of code needed per function point as well as the language level which describes how many function points can be implemented in a certain amount of time.Intriguingly, both the values for the lines of code per function point and the language lev el are identical for C++ and Java (6 for the language level, compared with Cs 3. 5 and Tcls 5, and 53 for the lines of code per function point, compared with Cs 91 and Tcls 64). In conclusion both research and practice contradict the claim that Java programmers achieve a higher programmer-efficiency than C++ programmers. 2. 2. Runtime-efficiency We have seen that Javas programmer-efficiency appears to be illusory. We will now examine its runtime efficiency. Again, Prechelt provides useful data.The amount of data he provides is broad, but he arrives at the conclusion that a Java program must be anticipate to run at to the lowest degree 1. 22 times as long as a C/C++ program. Note that he says at least the average runtime of Java programs is even longer. Our own experience shows that Java programs tend to run about 2-3 times as long than their equivalent weight C/C++ programs for the same task. Not surprisingly, Java loses even more ground when the tasks are CPU-bound. When it come s to programs with a graphical user interface, the increased latency of Java programs is worse than the runtime performance hit.Usability studies show that users do not mete out about whether a long running task takes, say, two or three minutes, but they do care when a program does not show an immediate reaction to their interaction, for example when they press a exit. These studies show that the limit of what a user accepts before they consider a program to be unresponsive can be as little as 0. 7 seconds. Well return to this issue when we compare graphical user interfaces in Java and C++ programs. An explanation about wherefore Java programs are slow than C++ is in order.C++ programs are stack upd by the C++ compiler into a binary format that can be con joinmated directly by the CPU the whole program doing gum olibanumly takes get in 4 A Comparison of Qt and Java hardware. (This is an oversimplification since most modern CPUs execute microcode, but this does not affect th e issues discussed here. ) On the other hand, the Java compiler compiles the source code into bytecode which is not executed directly by the CPU, but rather by another piece of software, the Java virtual(prenominal) Machine (JVM). The JVM in turn, runs on the CPU.The execution of the bytecode of a Java program does not take place in (fast) hardware, but instead in (much slow) software emulation. Work has been undertaken to develop Just in age (JIT) compilers to address Javas runtime efficiency problem, but no universal solution has yet emerged. It is the semi-interpreted temper of Java programs that makes the compile once, run anywhere approaching of Java possible in the first place. once a Java program is compiled into bytecode, it can be executed on any programme which has a JVM.In practice, this is not always the case, because of implementation differences in different JVMs, and because of the necessity to sometimes use native, non-Java code, usually written in C or C++, tog ether with Java programs. But is the use of platform-independent bytecode the recompense approach for crossplatform maskings? With a good cross-platform toolkit like Qt and good compilers on the various platforms, programmers can achieve almost the same by compiling their source code once for for each one platform write once, compile everywhere.It can be argued that for this to work, developers need access to all the platforms they want to support, while with Java, in theory at least, developers only need access to one platform running the Java development tools and a JVM. In practice, no responsible software manufacturing business will ever certify their software for a platform the software hasnt been tested on, so they would smooth need access to all the relevant platforms. The question arises why it should be needful to run the Java Virtual Machine in software if a program can be implemented in software, it should also be possible to have hardware implement the same unctiona lity. This is what the Java designers had in mind when they developed the language they assumed that the performance penalty would depart as before long as Java CPUs that implement the JVM in hardware would become available. But aft(prenominal) five years, such Java CPUs have not become generally available. Java automatically de-allocates (frees) unused memory. The programmer allocates memory, and the JVM keeps track of all the allocated memory jampacks and the references to them. As soon as a memory block is no longer referenced, it can be reclaimed. This is done in a process called garbage array in which the JVM periodically checks all the allocated memory blocks, and removes any which are no longer referred to. Garbage collection is very convenient, but the trade offs are greater memory consumption and slower runtime speed.. With C++, the programmer can (and should) delete blocks of memory as soon as they are no longer required.With Java, blocks are not deleted until the nex t garbage collection run, and this depends on the implementation on the JVM being used. Prechtelt provides figures which state that on average ( ) and with a confidence of 80%, the Java programs consume at least 32 MB (or 297%) more memory than the C/C++ programs ( ). In addition to the higher memory requirements, the garbage collection process itself requires processing power which is consequently not available to the actual application functionality, leading to slower overall runtimes.Since the garbage collector runs periodically, it can occasionally lead to Java programs freezing for a few seconds. The best JVM implementations keep the occurrence of such freezes to a minimum, but the freezes have not been eliminated entirely. When dealing with out-of-door programs and devices, for example, during I/O or when interacting with a database, it is usually desirable to close the file or database partnership as soon as it is no longer required. Using C++s destructors, this happens as soon as the programmer calls delete.In Java, closing may not occur until the next garbage amass sweep, which at best may tie up resources unnecessarily, and at worst risks the fall in resources ending up in an inconsistent state. The fact that Java programs keep memory blocks around longer than is strictly necessary is especially problematic for embedded devices where memory is often at a premium. It is no coincidence that there is (at the time of writing) no complete implementation of the Java platform for embedded devices, only partial implementations that implement a subset.The main reason why garbage collection is more expensive than explicit memory management by the programmer is that with the Java scheme, information is lost. In a C++ program, the programmer knows both where their memory blocks are (by storing pointers to them) and knows when they are not needed any longer. In a Java 6 A Comparison of Qt and Java program, the latter information is not available to the JVM (e ven though it is known to the programmer), and thus the JVM has to manually find unreferenced blocks.A Java programmer can make use of their knowledge of when a memory block is not needed any longer by deleting all references that are still around and triggering garbage collection manually, but this requires as much effort on the part of the programmer as with the explicit memory management in C++, and still the JVM has to look at each block during garbage collection to determine which ones are no longer used. Technically, there is nothing that prevents the implementation and use of garbage collection in C++ programs, and there are commercial programs and libraries available that cracking this.But because of the disadvantages mentioned above, few C++ programmers make use of this. The Qt toolkit takes a more efficient approach to reliever the memory management task for its programmers when an object is deleted, all dependant objects are automatically deleted too. Qts approach does not interfere with the programmers freedom to delete manually when they wish to. Because manual memory management burdens programmers, C and C++ have been accused of being prone to generate unstable, bug-ridden software.Although the danger of producing memory corruption (which typically leads to program crashes) is sure as shooting higher with C and C++, good education, tools and experience can greatly reduce the risks. Memory management can be learned like anything else, and there are a large number of tools available, both commercial and open source, that help programmers ensure that there are no memory errors in the program for example, Insure++ by Parasoft, Purify by Rational and the open source Electric Fence.C++s flexible memory management system also makes it possible to write custom memory profilers that are adapted to whichever type of application a programmer writes. To sum up this discussion, we have found C++ to provide much better runtime- and memory-efficiency than Ja va, while having comparable programmer-efficiency. 2. 4. functional libraries and tools The Java platform includes an impressive number of packages that provide hundreds of classes for all kinds of purposes, including graphical user interfaces, security, networking and other tasks.This is certainly an advantage of the Java platform. For each package available on the Java platform, there is at least one corresponding library for C++, although it can be knockout to assemble the various libraries that would be needed for a C++ project and make them all work together correctly. However, this strength of Java is also one of its weaknesses. It becomes increasingly difficult for the individual programmer to find their way through the huge APIs. For any given task, you can be almost certain that somewhere, there is 7A Comparison of Qt and Java functionality that would accomplish the task or at least help with its implementation. But it can be very difficult to find the right package and t he right class. Also, with an increasing number of packages, the size of the Java platform has increased considerably. This has led to subsets e. g. , for embedded systems, but with a subset, the advantage of having everything readily available disappears. As an aside, the size of the Java platform makes it almost impossible for smaller manufacturers to ship a Java system independent from Sun Microsystems, Javas inventor, and this reduces competition.If Java has an advantage on the side of available libraries, C++ clearly has an advantage when it comes to available tools. Because of the considerable maturity of the C and C++ family of languages, many tools for all aspects of application development have been developed, including design, debugging, and profiling tools. While there are Java tools appearing all the time, they seldom measure up to their C++ counterparts. This is often even the case with tools with the same functionality coming from the same manufacturer compare, for exa mple, Rationals Quantify, a profiler for Java and for C/C++.The most important tool any developer of a compiled language uses, is still the compiler. C++ has the advantage of having compilers that are clearly superior in execution speed. In order to be able to ship their compilers (and other tools) on various platforms, vendors tend to implement their Java tools in Java itself, with all the aforementioned memory and efficiency problems. There are a few Java compilers written in a native language like C (for example, IBMs Jikes), but these are the exception, and seldom used. 3. Comparing AWT/Swing and QtSo far, we have compared the programming language Java and the programming language C++. But as we discussed at the beginning of this article, the programming language is only one of the aspects to consider in GUI development. We will now compare the packages for GUI development that are shipped with Java, i. e. AWT and Swing, with the cross-platform GUI toolkit, Qt, from the Norwegia n supplier, Trolltech. We have confined the comparision on the C++ side to the Qt GUI toolkit, since unlike MFC (Microsoft basis Classes) and similar toolkits, This seems to contradict Javas cross-platform philosophy and may be due to the the initial AWT adaption being reputedly developed in under fourteen days. Because of these and a number of other problems with the AWT, it has since been augment by the Swing toolkit. Swing relies on the AWT (and consequently on the native libraries) only for very prefatory things like creating rectangular windows, handling events and executing primitive sketch operations. Everything else is handled within Swing, including all the drawing of the GUI components.This does away with the problem of applications looking and behaving differently on different platforms. Unfortunately, because Swing is mostly implemented in Java itself, it lacks efficiency. As a result, Swing programs are not only slow when performing computations, but also when drawi ng and handling the user interface, leading to poor responsiveness. As mentioned earlier, poor responsiveness is one of the things that users are least willing to tolerate in a GUI application. On todays standard commodity hardware, it is not unusual to be able to watch how a Swing button is redrawn when the mouse is pressed over it.While this situation will surely improve with faster hardware, this does not address the fundamental problem that complex user interfaces developed with Swing are inherently slow. The Qt toolkit follows a similar approach like Swing, it only relies on the native libraries only for very basic things and handles the drawing of GUI components itself. This brings Qt the same advantages as Swing (for example, applications look and behave the same on different platforms), but since Qt is entirely implemented in C++ and thus compiled to native code it does not have Swings efficiency problems.User interfaces written with Qt are typically very fast because of Qts smart use of caching proficiencys, they are sometimes even faster than comparable programs written using only the native libraries. Theoretically, an optimum native program should always be at least as fast as an equivalent optimal Qt program however, making a native program optimal is much more difficult and requires more programming skills than making a Qt program optimal. Both Qt and Swing employ a styling technique that lets programs display in any one of a number of ardours, independent of the platform they are running on.This is possible because both Qt and Swing handle the drawing themselves and can draw GUI elements in whichever style is desired. Qt even ships with a style that emulates the default look-and-feel in Swing programs, along with styles that emulate the 9 A Comparison of Qt and Java Win32 look-and-feel, the Motif look-and-feel, andin the Macintosh version the MacOS X Aqua style. 3. 2. Programming Paradigms In Qt and Swing While programming APIs to some extent a re a matter of the programmers personal taste, there are some APIs that lend themselves to simple, short, and elegant application code far more readily than others.